{"id":4828,"date":"2022-02-09T13:03:48","date_gmt":"2022-02-09T13:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/?p=4828"},"modified":"2026-02-28T07:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T07:29:02","slug":"danish-scholar-refuses-to-yield-to-the-trolls-on-facebook-and-twitter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/da\/danish-scholar-refuses-to-yield-to-the-trolls-on-facebook-and-twitter\/","title":{"rendered":"Danish scholar refuses to yield to the trolls on Facebook and Twitter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-2375fg-5a054a0fbad2e57860bb245c22bf3a16 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kz70j7mj-79e8eeb315fd91e38df68bd5baa3aedc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Historian of the Middle East Rasmus Elling took time off in 2021 after being targeted by a disinformation campaign. But he did not give in. Now he explains to me why he is back on Twitter.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Week after week, a cowardly internet army \u2014 some of them real people, some of them bots \u2014 would tag him on Facebook posts and mention him in tweets.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4909\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4909\" class=\"wp-image-4909\" src=\"http:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1.jpg 1037w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1-1030x627.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1-768x467.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/170576549_10216152330241159_568344413021401721_n-1-705x429.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4909\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rasmus Elling is\u00a0an associate\u00a0professor at the University of Copenhagen.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>He was a supporter of the regime in Iran, according to their posts, and therefore fair game.<\/p>\n<p>Opening his phone one day in the spring of 2021, he got hundreds of notifications. It was as if thousands of people out there were demanding a response.<\/p>\n<p>And then there were the implied threats \u2014 not just against him but also a colleague he had appeared with on Danish TV.<\/p>\n<p>\u201dIt would be just below the threshold of what is legal. They went for me personally, to intimidate me,\u201d recounts Rasmus Elling.\u00a0\u201cFor my colleague it was worse: one person posted a video saying he knew where she lives\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Police got involved.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The tweets can be retweeted by bots or a group of online trolls to increase their retweet count and make them seem credible, and the aspersions may stick.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Rasmus Elling is\u00a0an<a href=\"https:\/\/ccrs.ku.dk\/staff\/?pure=en\/persons\/129522\"> associate\u00a0professor at the Department for Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen<\/a>. While his research focus is on modern Iran, he sees one of his roles on social media as \u2018translating\u2019 what is going on inside and outside Iran to a non-Persian speaking public. Below is a typical tweet from Rasmus Elling.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The drip! Mozaffar-od-Din before he became shah of the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a>&#8216;ian Qajar dynasty. I want this whole vibe and wear it everyday. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/m6fRPjioDc\">https:\/\/t.co\/m6fRPjioDc<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Rasmus Elling (@rasmuselling) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rasmuselling\/status\/1485339903286292484?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 23, 2022<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>But in\u00a02021\u00a0his social media and public outreach activity made him vulnerable to a disinformation campaign by a well-organised\u00a0group of Iranian exiles,\u00a0some of whom\u00a0support the former monarchy in the country.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe idea is to present specific, named, academics who do research on Iran, as somehow stooges of the Iranian state. A small group of these people are active in Denmark, and they have, for example, set up a Facebook group that mistranslates posts and articles into Persian. It is some silly stuff. And they just sit there day and night, monitoring the people they want to target,\u201d says Rasmus Elling.<\/p>\n<p>But according to Rasmus Elling, these repeated and amateurish misquotes and disinformation can still have a real world effect. Many who see the posts may not be trained in a source-critical approach, and may not know the person who is targeted. The posts and tweets can be retweeted by bots or a group of online trolls to increase their retweet count and make them seem credible, and the aspersions may stick.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The goal is guilt by association: Some people, enough people, can take the claims seriously.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>If one of the claims about a scholar is referenced in a legitimate trusted news channel, even to refute them, they are often amplified by trolls to taint their targets. The goal is guilt by association: Some people, enough people, can take the claims of being an \u2018Iranian government agent\u2019 seriously.<\/p>\n<p>\u201dI have written very critically of Iran and the Iranian regime, but this did not fit into the image of an enemy in their narrative. One of the posts, for example, offered \u2018proof\u2019 that I worked for the Iranian Embassy. It consisted of an image of a meeting at the Iranian Embassy in London with a blond-haired man on it, which was not me, with an arrow superimposed pointing to the person with the name Rasmus Elling.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4921\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4921\" class=\"wp-image-4921\" src=\"http:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/20220208_150442.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/20220208_150442.png 862w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/20220208_150442-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/20220208_150442-768x643.png 768w, https:\/\/mikeyoungacademy.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/20220208_150442-705x590.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Post attacking Rasmus Elling for being an &#8216;Marxist Islamist teacher&#8217;. I (Mike Young) have deliberately erased the Facebook page name.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cAt one point, during the height of the attacks I wrote directly to one of the people who was attacking me: \u2018You dare not say these things to my face!\u2019 I said to him: \u2019Let us meet up.\u2019 He actually turned up to meet me in the central library in Copenhagen, an Iranian man of around 50 years old who in reality did not seem intimidating at all. He explained that he just sat there at home, reacting to the posts that showed up.\u00a0 As for his own posts, he explained they were \u2019just the way we do things in Iran\u2019. He even apologised for his behaviour,\u201d Rasmus Elling recounts.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The attacks got to the point that Rasmus Elling had to have a constant negotiation with himself. Do I want to respond to this? Should I respond to this?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cLater I was told by the police,&#8221; says Rasmus Elling, &#8220;that I should be more wary of trying to meet the people face-to-face who attacked me online.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The attacks got to the point that Rasmus Elling had to have a constant negotiation with himself. Do I want to respond to this? Should I respond to this? Finally, he admits, it was too much. He was forced to take time off from work due to stress.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Defence can inadvertently spread the trolls\u2019 message<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>He was back at work soon however. And in spite of what he had gone through, Rasmus Elling is still active on Twitter, and on the messaging service Telegram which has many users in Iran.<\/p>\n<p>\u201dFacebook has become a swamp, especially in Persian,\u201d he says, \u201cand I avoid the platform. But as for Twitter, I asked myself: Should I really have to hide, to censor myself? This cannot be true. So I continue to be active on Twitter, but I often think twice before entering into a debate with someone.<\/p>\n<p><em>Article continues under fact box below.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-30ukjg-05343aa74599a31004a4b821b3a8f309 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kze5f5f2-14456427c7bd5fb29373f01031a8d822 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Handling controversy<br \/>\non Twitter<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Blocking, muting, lists, ignoring<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Blocking<\/strong> on Twitter ensures that you don\u2019t see the blocked person\u2019s tweets, and they don\u2019t see yours.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Muting <\/strong>on Twitter ensures that you don\u2019t see the muted person\u2019s tweets.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lists<\/strong> allow you to curate your newsfeed, so you only see what interests you.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Rasmus Elling:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blocks people if they repeatedly tweet lies.<\/li>\n<li>Mutes people depending on the content they tweet, and only to improve his own Twitter experience: \u201c, for example,&#8221; he says, &#8220;I mute people who tweet about what they just ate for dinner!\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Puts people on lists so that he can better concentrate on specific subject areas<\/li>\n<li>If attacked, he checks their profile. If they have no followers in common with him, or otherwise seem fake or malicious, he ignores them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2r7rz0-ac301f90327b81e0469e68346b49c370 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kze5fy3l-bbcf8e2df5cd0ba61538aac2f668cb97 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>How do you decide whether you will enter into a dialogue with someone on Twitter who disagrees with you?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201dI do a cost benefit analysis. I look at their profile bio and see whether this person has a network in common with me, or is followed by credible accounts &#8211; or whether it is just a spiteful person. I then make a decision on whether I should respond,\u201d he says. (see Rasmus Elling\u2019s Twitter\u00a0recommendations in the box to the right)<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Rasmus Elling: &#8220;As an academic, it is very easy to be perceived as condescending to those who are non-academic&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>In guidelines for responding to internet trolls and disinformation,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterhate.com%2Fdont-feed-the-trolls&#038;data=04%7C01%7Celling%40hum.ku.dk%7C93a9715c4d9144a8c42208d9d75cf266%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C637777616474785926%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&#038;sdata=5QI9tmm03ZBSsYuTna%2BRuuiJfwN%2F1BwnsFYJzugLRt8%3D&#038;reserved=0\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.counterhate.com%252Fdont-feed-the-trolls%26data%3D04%257C01%257Celling%2540hum.ku.dk%257C93a9715c4d9144a8c42208d9d75cf266%257Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%257C0%257C0%257C637777616474785926%257CUnknown%257CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%253D%257C3000%26sdata%3D5QI9tmm03ZBSsYuTna%252BRuuiJfwN%252F1BwnsFYJzugLRt8%253D%26reserved%3D0&#038;source=gmail&#038;ust=1643980199849000&#038;usg=AOvVaw2Kc_ga7ePdHtiZSeD6kjmX\"><strong>the recommendation is often repeated: \u2018Don\u2019t feed the trolls\u2019.<\/strong><\/a> Attacking people like Rasmus Elling can give trolls the satisfaction of stoking a (sometimes fake) public outrage. The Center for Countering Digital Hate published a guideline in 2019. According to the guideline &#8220;troll propagandists know that when public figures engage with abusive trolls to defend their reputation or their values \u2013 a normal behavioural response \u2013 this inadvertently spreads and legitimates the trolls\u2019 message and tricks social media algorithms into pushing it into a broader array of users\u2019 timelines.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But some attacks should still be offered a serious response, according to Rasmus Elling.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Universities encourage outreach<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Since the summer of\u00a02021, Rasmus Elling has begun to think about the power dynamic between himself as an academic on Twitter, and some of the people who target him with false claims.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs an academic, it is very easy to be perceived as condescending to those who are non-academic. But we have a responsibility to respond to non-academics, and to discuss the merits of their arguments\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Scholars like him are forced into a dilemma on social media. Universities encourage scholars to be responsible for their own outreach, and scholars often help brand the university towards the general public. But universities usually offer little help to scholars like Rasmus Elling when they become the object of disinformation campaigns.<\/p>\n<p>Twitter is the place where Rasmus Elling discovers what is new in his field and to \u201cfind participants for my projects and colleagues that I do not know already,\u201d he says. He adds that in terms of his research area, Iran, he almost <em>has\u00a0<\/em>to be on Twitter and on Telegram.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Rasmus Elling: &#8220;What takes place on social media is not an \u2018ideal conversation\u2019, and scholars should not allow the platforms to become a record of who you are as a scholar.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>At the same time, he is under no illusions about the limitations of the platforms.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Polemic should not be the first thing people see<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u201dThe idealist in me tells me that we need to speak to people at their own level, without condescension, and I get a buzz from feeling that I have an impact. But I also really feel that the use of, say, Twitter is important in terms of transparency, so people know what it is you are doing research on.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat said, I do not think the platforms should be considered a kind of \u2018Habermas\u2019ian conversation where the better argument will win in the end.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What takes place on social media is not an \u2018ideal conversation\u2019, and scholars should not allow the platforms to become a record of who you are as a scholar. It should be simply used as a tool, he says. (Some of Rasmus Elling\u2019s recommendations are in the fact box above.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI could, for example, delete some of my old tweets if I have formulated something in an unfortunate manner or for other reasons. Some people might not like this. But the way I see it, some polemical tweet should not be the first thing that people see when they discover your profile.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Bought myself a little beautiful book. Translations of Omar Khayyam by the great Danish Iranologist, Arthur Christensen. 1920 edition from Gyldendalske Boghandel, decorative borders, mounted on stiff blue paper. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/Iran?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Iran<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/poetry?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#poetry<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/twitterstorians?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#twitterstorians<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/InDf8zlV0G\">pic.twitter.com\/InDf8zlV0G<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Rasmus Elling (@rasmuselling) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rasmuselling\/status\/1480583797213171713?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 10, 2022<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4909,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-twitter-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Danish scholar refuses to yield to the trolls on Facebook and Twitter - Mike Young Academy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Historian of the Middle East Rasmus Elling took time off in 2021 after being targeted by a disinformation campaign. 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